Kenya’s Communications Authority (CA) has proposed a dramatic increase in the licensing fees for satellite Internet providers (ISPs), potentially reshaping the digital landscape in one of Africa’s most tech-forward nations. Under the new framework, 15-year licensing fees for satellite ISPs will rise from $12,302 to $115,331, marking an over 800% increase. In addition, providers will face an annual levy of 0.4% of gross turnover.

While the CA’s goal is to regulate the burgeoning satellite ISP sector and ensure fairness, critics warn that the new fees may stifle innovation, limit competition, and risk leaving underserved regions further behind in Kenya’s digital transformation journey.

Rising Demand for Satellite Internet

Satellite ISPs play a critical role in Kenya’s connectivity ecosystem, especially in rural and underserved areas. With the demand for high-speed Internet soaring, these providers have emerged as key players in bridging the digital divide.

Companies like Starlink, owned by Elon Musk’s SpaceX, have made significant strides since entering the Kenyan market in June 2023. Starlink’s high-speed satellite Internet has provided connectivity to regions beyond the reach of traditional fiber or mobile networks, growing its subscriber base to over 8,500 users in just over a year.

Other satellite ISPs, such as Viasat and NTvsat, though smaller in scale, have also contributed to expanding connectivity in remote areas, serving under 1,000 users combined.

Impact of the Proposed Fee Hike

The proposed fee hike has raised concerns across the industry, with experts warning that it could disproportionately affect smaller ISPs.

1. Burden on Small ISPs: Companies like Viasat and NTvsat, which already operate on thin margins, may struggle to absorb the financial burden. This could lead to reduced competition, leaving underserved communities with fewer options for Internet access.
2. Increased Costs for Consumers: Higher operational costs for ISPs are likely to be passed on to consumers, potentially making satellite Internet unaffordable for many rural households.
3. Slower Connectivity Rollout: Smaller ISPs are often at the forefront of bringing connectivity to remote regions. If these players are priced out of the market, the rollout of high-speed Internet in underserved areas could slow significantly.

Opportunities Amid Challenges

Despite these challenges, the CA’s proposal includes elements that could drive long-term growth and innovation in Kenya’s tech ecosystem.

1. Expanded Operational Scope: The proposal allows satellite ISPs to engage in terrestrial cable operations, telemetry, and space research. This expanded scope could attract investment and enable providers like Starlink to establish ground stations, improving service quality.
2. Fostering Local Partnerships: The CA is exploring policies that encourage partnerships between satellite ISPs and local telecom operators, potentially creating synergies that benefit consumers.
3. Supporting Kenya’s Tech Ecosystem: By positioning Kenya as a hub for satellite and space technology, the proposal could attract global tech players and boost local innovation.

Stakeholder Perspectives

The proposed changes have sparked mixed reactions among stakeholders.

• Satellite ISPs: Providers like Starlink have expressed concerns about the financial impact of the fee hike but have welcomed the opportunity to expand their operations. Starlink’s success in Kenya has demonstrated the potential of satellite Internet to bridge digital gaps, but the company warns that excessive fees could undermine these gains.
• Local Telecom Operators: Companies like Safaricom, Kenya’s leading telecom operator with over 350,000 fixed Internet users, view satellite ISPs as both competitors and disruptors. Safaricom has called for regulations that mandate partnerships between satellite providers and local operators, arguing that such collaborations would enhance security and accountability.
• Government Officials: The CA defends the fee hike as a necessary step to regulate the growing satellite ISP market and ensure that providers contribute fairly to Kenya’s economy. However, officials acknowledge the need to strike a balance between fostering innovation and maintaining oversight.

Regional Context and Lessons

Kenya’s regulatory approach reflects broader trends across Africa, where governments are grappling with how to manage the rapid growth of satellite Internet.

• South Africa: In South Africa, Starlink’s entry has faced delays due to regulatory hurdles, including requirements for local partnerships.
• Nigeria: Nigeria has embraced satellite ISPs, offering more favorable licensing terms to attract providers like Starlink and OneWeb.
• Rwanda: Rwanda’s government has prioritized satellite connectivity as part of its Vision 2050 plan, positioning the country as a leader in Africa’s space industry.

Kenya can draw lessons from these countries to create a regulatory framework that promotes both accessibility and sustainable growth.

Balancing Innovation and Oversight

As Kenya’s digital economy continues to grow, the CA faces the challenge of balancing innovation with regulatory oversight. Stricter rules could safeguard local players and ensure compliance, but they also risk stifling competition and slowing the spread of high-speed Internet to regions that need it most.

Policymakers must consider the following:

1. Tailored Fee Structures: Introducing tiered licensing fees based on the size and revenue of ISPs could alleviate the burden on smaller providers while ensuring larger companies contribute their fair share.
2. Incentives for Rural Expansion: Offering subsidies or tax breaks for ISPs that focus on underserved areas could encourage investment in regions most in need of connectivity.
3. Public-Private Partnerships: Facilitating partnerships between satellite ISPs and local telecom operators could enhance service delivery and create win-win solutions.

Conclusion

Kenya’s decision to hike satellite ISP licensing fees represents a pivotal moment for the country’s digital transformation. While the proposed changes aim to regulate the market and attract investment, they also risk limiting competition and slowing progress in bridging the digital divide.

As the CA finalizes these changes, stakeholders must work together to craft policies that promote both accessibility and sustainable business operations. Striking this balance will be critical to ensuring that Kenya’s digital revolution benefits all its citizens, from bustling urban centers to the most remote corners of the country.

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photo source: Google

By: Montel Kamau

Serrari Financial Analyst

9^th January, 2024