Overview

Kenya’s Treasury Bond Market in October 2025 is characterized by easing yields, declining real returns, and renewed sovereign debt management activity through a Eurobond issuance and buyback program. The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) has further reduced its policy rate, reinforcing its accommodative monetary stance and signaling confidence in the country’s macroeconomic stabilization efforts.

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Easing Yields and Inflation Impact

Declining Real Returns
Real returns on government securities have fallen into single-digit territory, weighed down by rising inflation, which reached 4.6% in September 2025, up from 3.6% a year earlier. The moderate inflationary uptick—driven by higher food and fuel costs—has slightly eroded purchasing power and reduced investors’ real yields.

Yield Curve Normalization
Kenya’s yield curve has shifted downward relative to mid-2024 levels, though it maintains a gentle upward slope. This structure reflects stable inflation expectations and a balanced risk outlook across maturities. The 10-year Treasury bond yield stood at 13.46% as of October 10, 2025, highlighting the gradual normalization of returns after the elevated levels seen in 2024.

Monetary Policy Easing
Continuing its supportive monetary cycle, the CBK lowered the Central Bank Rate (CBR) to 9.25% in early October 2025, following a previous cut to 9.50% in August. This marks more than a year of sustained easing that began in August 2024, aimed at stimulating credit flow, lowering borrowing costs, and encouraging private-sector-led growth.

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Sovereign Debt Management

Eurobond Issuance and Buyback
In October 2025, Kenya re-entered international capital markets with a US$1.5 billion Eurobond issuance. The proceeds were strategically applied toward a tender offer and partial buyback of the US$2 billion 2028 Eurobond, successfully retiring US$628.44 million of outstanding debt. This move reflects proactive management of near-term maturities and supports the government’s medium-term debt sustainability objectives.

Improved Investor Confidence
Following the issuance, Eurobond yields eased across maturities, indicating strengthened sovereign perception and renewed investor confidence in Kenya’s fiscal trajectory. The improvement aligns with the government’s commitment to fiscal consolidation, enhanced transparency, and debt-service efficiency under its current medium-term debt strategy.

Market Performance Indicators

Domestic Secondary Market Activity
The secondary bond market recorded a 37.8% decline in turnover during the week ending October 9, 2025, reversing the 5.96% increase observed a week earlier. The slowdown points to a brief consolidation phase following heightened trading volumes in September, as investors reposition portfolios in response to falling yields.

Investor Appetite and Auction Performance
Investor sentiment remained strong in the September 2025 bond auction, where the reopened 20-year and 25-year Treasury bonds were oversubscribed. The securities achieved yields of up to 14.2%, reflecting steady long-term confidence in government paper and preference for duration-linked income amid moderating inflation.

Domestic Debt Position
Kenya’s gross domestic debt rose to KSh 6.65 trillion as of September 2025, up from KSh 5.87 trillion in December 2024. The increase remains within manageable levels, supported by a stable investor base dominated by commercial banks, pension funds, and insurance companies, which continue to absorb primary issuances comfortably.

Outlook

The bond market is entering a phase of measured stability after a prolonged period of rate volatility and tight liquidity.

• Yields are expected to remain moderate, supported by CBK’s accommodative stance and improved fiscal sentiment.
  
• Inflation risks, though rising, remain contained within the government’s target range.
  
• High domestic debt exposure in the banking sector continues to be a structural vulnerability, requiring careful monitoring to prevent concentration risks.

Analysts anticipate that continued fiscal consolidation, prudent debt management, and stable monetary policy could drive lower borrowing costs and foster a favorable investment climate into early 2026.

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